Molecular self-assembly is a process in which molecules spontaneously organize themselves into ordered structures or patterns without outside intervention. This phenomenon is driven by non-covalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions. Self-assembly is a fundamental concept in chemistry and materials science, with applications in nanotechnology, drug delivery, and supramolecular chemistry. Researchers study the mechanisms and principles of molecular self-assembly to design and create new materials with specific properties and functions.